Machine Learning Approaches for Brain Disease Diagnosis: Principles and Recent Advances

DOI

No DOI

Published In

Volume 3, Issue 5 (2022)

Published Online

September-October 2022

Pages

57-60

Article Type

Research Article

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Abstract: Purpose Detection and segmentation of a brain tumor such as glioblastoma multi formed in magnetic resonance (MR) images are often challenging due to its intrinsically heterogeneous signal characteristics. A robust segmentation method for brain tumor MRI scans was developed and tested. Methods Simple thresholds and statistical methods are unable to adequately segment the various elements of the GBM, such as local contrast enhancement, necrosis, and edema. Most voxel-based methods cannot achieve satisfactory results in larger data sets, and the methods based on generative or discriminative models have intrinsic limitations during application, such as small sample set learning and transfer. The promises of these two projects were to model the complex interaction of brain and behavior and to understand and diagnose brain diseases by collecting and analyzing large quantities of data. Archiving, analyzing, and sharing the growing neuroimaging datasets posed major challenges. New computational methods and technologies have emerged in the domain of Big Data but have not been fully adapted for use in neuroimaging. In this work, we introduce the current challenges of neuroimaging in a big data context. We review our efforts toward creating a data management system to organize the large-scale fMRI datasets, and present our novel algorithms/methods A new method was developed to overcome these challenges. Multimodal MR images are segmented into super pixels using algorithms to alleviate the sampling issue and to improve the sample representativeness. Next, features were extracted from the super pixels using multi-level Gabor wavelet filters.