ARCHIVES
Review Article
Security Challenges and Protection Mechanisms in the Internet of Things
Dr. A. Arul Anitha1
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Applications, Jayaraj Annapackiam College for Women (Autonomous), Periyakulam, Theni, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published Online: July-August 2026
Pages: 33-38
Cite this article
↗ https://www.doi.org/10.59256/ijire.20260704006References
[1]. Mogos G, Jamail NSBM. Critical security issues on IoT. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research.
2019;12(1):113–118.
[2]. Conway E. IoT: Is it a digital highway to security attacks? In: Women Securing the Future with TIPPSS for IoT. Springer; 2019.
[3]. Cetintav I, Sandikkaya MT. A review of lightweight IoT authentication protocols from the perspective of security requirements,
computation, communication, and hardware costs. IEEE Access. 2025;13:37703–37723. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3546147.
[4]. Yalli JS, Hasan MH, Jung LT, Al-Selwi SM. Authentication schemes for Internet of Things (IoT) networks: A systematic review and
security assessment. Internet of Things. 2025;30:101469. doi:10.1016/j.iot.2024.101469.
[5]. Sun P, Shen S, Wan Y, Cui Z, Fang Z, Gao XZ. A survey of IoT privacy security: Architecture, technology, challenges, and trends.
IEEE Internet of Things Journal. 2024;11(21):34567–34591. doi:10.1109/JIOT.2024.3372518.
[6]. Mawgoud AA, Taha MHN, Khalifa NEM. Security threats of Social Internet of Things in the higher education environment. In:
Toward Social Internet of Things (SIoT): Enabling Technologies, Architectures and Applications. Springer; 2020.
[7]. James M, Newe T, O'Shea D, O'Mahony GD. Authentication and authorization in Zero Trust IoT: A survey. In: Proceedings of the
35th Irish Signals and Systems Conference (ISSC). IEEE; 2024:1–6. doi:10.1109/ISSC61953.2024.10603175.
[8]. Conti M, Dehghantanha A, Franke K, Watson S. Internet of Things security and forensics: Challenges and o pportunities. Future
Generation Computer Systems. 2018;78:544–546.
[9]. Russell B. IoT Cyber Security. Cham, Switzerland: Springer; 2020.
[10]. Oh SR, Kim YG. Security requirements analysis for the Internet of Things. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on
Platform Technology and Service (PlatCon). IEEE; 2017:1–6.
[11]. Russell B, Van Duren D. Practical Internet of Things Security. 2nd ed. Birmingham, UK: Packt Publishing; 2023.
[12]. Chen X, Makki K, Yen K, Pissinou N. Sensor network security: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.
2009;11(2):52–73
[13]. De Donno M, Giaretta A, Dragoni N, Bucchiarone A, Mazzara M. Cyber-storms come from clouds: Security of cloud computing in
the IoT era. Future Internet. 2019;11(6):127.
[14]. Rizvi S, Pfeffer J, Kurtz A, Rizvi M. Securing the Internet of Things (IoT): A security taxonomy for IoT. In: Proceedings of the 17th
IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom/BigDataSE). IEEE;
2018:163–168.
[15]. Mabodi K, Yusefi M, Zandiyan S, Irankhah L, Fotohi R. Multi-level trust-based intelligence schema for securing Internet of Things
against security threats using cryptographic authentication. The Journal of Supercomputing. 2020;76(12):9097–9132.
[16]. Khumalo P, Nleya B, Gomba A, Mutsvangwa A. Services and applications security in IoT enabled networks. In: Proceedings of the
International Conference on Intelligent and Innovative Computing Applications (ICONIC). IEEE; 2018.
[17]. Perez G. A practical approach to securing IoT. Network Security. 2019;2019(1):6–8.
[18]. Azad MA, Abdullah S, Arshad J, Lallie HS, Ahmed Y. Verify and trust: A multidimensional survey of Zero-Trust security in the age
of IoT. Internet of Things. 2024;27:101227. doi:10.1016/j.iot.2024.101227.
[19]. Humayun M, Tariq N, Alfayad M, Zakwan M, Alwakid G, Assiri M. Securing the Internet of Things in artificial intelligence era: A
comprehensive survey. IEEE Access. 2024;12:25469–25490. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3365634.
[20]. Liu C, Tan R, Wu Y, Feng Y, Jin Z, Zhang F, Liu Y, Liu Q. Dissecting Zero Trust: Research landscape and its implementation in
IoT. Cybersecurity. 2024;7:20.
[21]. Ouyang N, Shatte A, Lu Z, Chen C, Xiang W. Artificial intelligence in mitigating security threats for lightweight IoT devices: A
survey of technologies, protocols, and future challenges. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. 2025;13(7):14096–14111.
doi:10.1109/JIOT.2025.3649316.
2019;12(1):113–118.
[2]. Conway E. IoT: Is it a digital highway to security attacks? In: Women Securing the Future with TIPPSS for IoT. Springer; 2019.
[3]. Cetintav I, Sandikkaya MT. A review of lightweight IoT authentication protocols from the perspective of security requirements,
computation, communication, and hardware costs. IEEE Access. 2025;13:37703–37723. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3546147.
[4]. Yalli JS, Hasan MH, Jung LT, Al-Selwi SM. Authentication schemes for Internet of Things (IoT) networks: A systematic review and
security assessment. Internet of Things. 2025;30:101469. doi:10.1016/j.iot.2024.101469.
[5]. Sun P, Shen S, Wan Y, Cui Z, Fang Z, Gao XZ. A survey of IoT privacy security: Architecture, technology, challenges, and trends.
IEEE Internet of Things Journal. 2024;11(21):34567–34591. doi:10.1109/JIOT.2024.3372518.
[6]. Mawgoud AA, Taha MHN, Khalifa NEM. Security threats of Social Internet of Things in the higher education environment. In:
Toward Social Internet of Things (SIoT): Enabling Technologies, Architectures and Applications. Springer; 2020.
[7]. James M, Newe T, O'Shea D, O'Mahony GD. Authentication and authorization in Zero Trust IoT: A survey. In: Proceedings of the
35th Irish Signals and Systems Conference (ISSC). IEEE; 2024:1–6. doi:10.1109/ISSC61953.2024.10603175.
[8]. Conti M, Dehghantanha A, Franke K, Watson S. Internet of Things security and forensics: Challenges and o pportunities. Future
Generation Computer Systems. 2018;78:544–546.
[9]. Russell B. IoT Cyber Security. Cham, Switzerland: Springer; 2020.
[10]. Oh SR, Kim YG. Security requirements analysis for the Internet of Things. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on
Platform Technology and Service (PlatCon). IEEE; 2017:1–6.
[11]. Russell B, Van Duren D. Practical Internet of Things Security. 2nd ed. Birmingham, UK: Packt Publishing; 2023.
[12]. Chen X, Makki K, Yen K, Pissinou N. Sensor network security: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.
2009;11(2):52–73
[13]. De Donno M, Giaretta A, Dragoni N, Bucchiarone A, Mazzara M. Cyber-storms come from clouds: Security of cloud computing in
the IoT era. Future Internet. 2019;11(6):127.
[14]. Rizvi S, Pfeffer J, Kurtz A, Rizvi M. Securing the Internet of Things (IoT): A security taxonomy for IoT. In: Proceedings of the 17th
IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom/BigDataSE). IEEE;
2018:163–168.
[15]. Mabodi K, Yusefi M, Zandiyan S, Irankhah L, Fotohi R. Multi-level trust-based intelligence schema for securing Internet of Things
against security threats using cryptographic authentication. The Journal of Supercomputing. 2020;76(12):9097–9132.
[16]. Khumalo P, Nleya B, Gomba A, Mutsvangwa A. Services and applications security in IoT enabled networks. In: Proceedings of the
International Conference on Intelligent and Innovative Computing Applications (ICONIC). IEEE; 2018.
[17]. Perez G. A practical approach to securing IoT. Network Security. 2019;2019(1):6–8.
[18]. Azad MA, Abdullah S, Arshad J, Lallie HS, Ahmed Y. Verify and trust: A multidimensional survey of Zero-Trust security in the age
of IoT. Internet of Things. 2024;27:101227. doi:10.1016/j.iot.2024.101227.
[19]. Humayun M, Tariq N, Alfayad M, Zakwan M, Alwakid G, Assiri M. Securing the Internet of Things in artificial intelligence era: A
comprehensive survey. IEEE Access. 2024;12:25469–25490. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3365634.
[20]. Liu C, Tan R, Wu Y, Feng Y, Jin Z, Zhang F, Liu Y, Liu Q. Dissecting Zero Trust: Research landscape and its implementation in
IoT. Cybersecurity. 2024;7:20.
[21]. Ouyang N, Shatte A, Lu Z, Chen C, Xiang W. Artificial intelligence in mitigating security threats for lightweight IoT devices: A
survey of technologies, protocols, and future challenges. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. 2025;13(7):14096–14111.
doi:10.1109/JIOT.2025.3649316.
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