High-Quality Factor Biosensor Using 2D Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator

DOI

https://www.doi.org/10.59256/ijire.20260703028

Published In

Volume 7, Issue 3 (2026)

Published Online

May-June 2026

Pages

275-280

Article Type

Original Article

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Optical biosensors based on photonic crystals have gained significant attention due to their high sensitivity and compact structure. This paper presents the design and simulation of a high-quality factor biosensor using a two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator optical filter. The proposed structure utilizes periodic dielectric materials to create a photonic bandgap that enables strong optical confinement. A defect cavity integrated with a ring resonator enhances resonance sharpness and improves the quality factor of the sensor. When external pressure is applied, small changes in refractive index cause measurable shifts in resonance wavelength. The sensor behavior is analyzed using Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations to study electromagnetic wave propagation and resonance characteristics. Parametric analysis is performed to evaluate the effects of pressure and temperature variations on sensor performance. Simulation results show improved sensitivity, stability, and resonance quality compared to conventional pressure sensors. The compact design and optical sensing mechanism provide immunity to electromagnetic interference. Therefore, the proposed biosensor is suitable for biomedical monitoring, industrial sensing, and environmental applications