Copy-Move Image Forgery Detection Using Hybrid DyWT- SIFT-G2NN with Agglomerative Clustering

DOI

https://www.doi.org/10.59256/ijire.20260703005

Published In

Volume 7, Issue 3 (2026)

Published Online

May-June 2026

Pages

48-54

Article Type

Original Article

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Copy-move image forgery is a widely practised digital manipulation technique in which one or more regions of a digital image are duplicated and repositioned within the same image to conceal objects, fabricate evidence, or create a misleading visual narrative. This paper presents a comprehensive hybrid forensic detection system that integrates four complementary algorithmic stages: (i) Discrete Stationary Wavelet Transform (DyWT) for noise-robust frequency-domain preprocessing; (ii) Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) for the extraction of rotation- and scale-invariant keypoint descriptors; (iii) a Generalised 2- Nearest Neighbour (G2NN) self-matching algorithm for identifying statistically self-similar descriptor pairs within the same image; and (iv) agglomerative hierarchical clustering with cluster-pair verification to suppress false positives. Experimental evaluation on five standard benchmark datasets (MICC-F220, CoMoFoD, and COVERAGE, COLUMBIA, and CASIA v2) demonstrates a mean detection accuracy of 94.2% with an F1-score of 94.0%, surpassing comparable block-based and keypoint-based state-of-the-art approaches. The system is delivered as a cross-platform PyQt6 desktop application supporting background-threaded execution, live progress monitoring, and automated forensic report generation in PDF and TXT formats, making it immediately deployable in digital forensic investigation contexts