ARCHIVES

With the rapid growth of wireless communication systems and the increasing demand for faster internet speeds, 5G technology has become very important in today’s world. To support this technology, antennas must be able to work efficiently at different frequency bands while remaining small, simple, and cost-effective. In this work, a multi-band microstrip patch antenna is designed to operate at 2.36GHz -5 GHz, which are commonly used frequencies in 5G communication. The lower frequency band helps in providing wider coverage, while the higher frequency band supports high-speed data transmission. The antenna is built on an FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a thickness of 1.6 mm, making it affordable and easy to manufacture. To achieve multi-band operation, a simple slot is introduced in the patch, which creates an additional current path and allows the antenna to resonate at different frequencies without increasing the overall size or complexity of the design. The antenna is designed and simulated using Ansys Electronics Desktop 2025 (HFSS), which is based on advanced electromagnetic analysis. The simulation results show good performance, with return loss values of −19.58 dB, −23.122 dB and -29.054 dB at the three operating frequencies, indicating efficient signal transmission with minimal losses. The antenna also shows a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of less than 2, which confirms proper impedance matching. In addition, the radiation pattern remains stable, providing good coverage at lower frequencies and more focused radiation at higher frequencies.